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San Blas la Tovara Spring

San Blas la Tovara Spring

La Tovara Springs San Blas Nayarit

La Tovara is a fresh water spring. The water is crystal clear and perfect for swimming especially since they put up a fence to keep the crocodiles out. Swim at your own risk.

A trip on the Jungle Boat Ride to La Tovara will be the highlight of your vacation in San Blas. With the mangrove wetlands as your backup you will see rare tropical birds as well as turtles, iguanas and crocodiles. This is an excellent trip for birdwatchers. Be sure to stop at the crocodile farm where they breed crocodiles for repopulation.


Check out Visit San Blas for more informtion about accomodations, maps, food and other information about the local area.

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Palacio De Gobierno


Institution of the province of Tlaxcala by Charles IV, king of Spain

Institution of the province of Tlaxcala by Charles IV, king of Spain

The former palace of the viceroys, where Cortés stayed when he was in Tlaxcala, now commemorates the history of the region’s people. Covering the interior walls of the 16th-century palace are immense, brilliantly colored examples of Mexican muralism.

The murals by Desiderio Hernández Xochitiotzin (b.1922), depicting everything from early inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico to the Wars of Independence, accompanied by reproductions of the 16th-century codices that inspired the work. The murals in the Palacio de Gobierno of Ciudad de Tlaxcala entitled “The history of Tlaxcala” were created beginning in 1956 and continued until 2000 by Desiderio Hernandez Xochitiotzin.

At the time of its construction in 1545, the palace was divided into three parts. The west end of the building housed the granary, the center contained the home of the four indigenous lords, and Spanish viceroys had quarters in the west. Don’t miss the representation of Tlaxacala (“corn tortilla” in Náhuatl) at the top of the far right arch.


Palacio De Gobierno
Plaza de la Constitución 3
Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala
Mexico

On the north side of the zócalo. Open daily 9am-6pm. Free.
Guides loiter inside, offering to explain the murals in Spanish or English for a few pesos.


Visit Tlaxcala Palacio de Gobierno – Murals by Xochitiotzin for the larger images of these exceptional murals.


 

Ritual festivities for Camaxtli

Ritual festivities for Camaxtli

 

Christian religion and the indians

Christian religion and the indians

Spanish conquistadors meeting the Indians of Tlaxcala 2

Spanish conquistadors meeting the Indians of Tlaxcala 2Indian temples burning after the Spanish conquest

Indian temples burning after the Spanish conquest

Indian temples burning after the Spanish conquest

 

Encounter of Indian princes in Tlaxcala

Encounter of Indian princes in Tlaxcala

 

Spanish conquistadors meeting the Indians of Tlaxcala

Spanish conquistadors meeting the Indians of Tlaxcala

 

an indian god leads his people to the promised land of Tlaxcala

an indian god leads his people to the promised land of Tlaxcala

 

Indian vendors at the market of Tlaxcala

Indian vendors at the market of Tlaxcala

Tlaxcaltecan warriors fighting against warrior from Texcoco, Cuauhtepec and Ocelotepec

Tlaxcaltecan warriors fighting against warrior from Texcoco, Cuauhtepec and Ocelotepec

Tlaxcaltecan victory against the Aztecs

Tlaxcaltecan victory against the Aztecs

Tlaxcaltecan ceremonies in honor of Xochiquetzalli

Tlaxcaltecan ceremonies in honor of Xochiquetzalli

Tlaxcaltecan ceremonies in honor of Xochiquetzalli 2

Tlaxcaltecan ceremonies in honor of Xochiquetzalli 2

Mexican emperor Maximilian and empress Charlotte

Mexican emperor Maximilian and empress Charlotte

Tlaxcalan warriors confronting Spanish conquistadors

Tlaxcalan warriors confronting Spanish conquistadors

Malinche interpretor of Hernan Cortes

Malinche interpretor of Hernan Cortes

Indian warriors

Indian warriors

History of Mexico since its independence

History of Mexico since its independence

History of Mexico since its independence 2

History of Mexico since its independence 2

Quetzalcoatl announcing his return for the year one cane

Quetzalcoatl announcing his return for the year one cane

Pre-conquest image of Tlaxcala

Pre-conquest image of Tlaxcala

Patron god of Tlaxcala

Patron god of Tlaxcala

Discussions between Taxcaltecans and Cortes

Discussions between Taxcaltecans and Cortes

 

Destruction of the indian gods by the Spanish conquest

Destruction of the indian gods by the Spanish conquest

 

Discussions between Taxcaltecans and Hernan Cortes 2

Discussions between Taxcaltecans and Hernan Cortes 2

Discussions between Cholultecas and Teochichimecas at their arrival in the valley of Tlaxcala

Discussions between Cholultecas and Teochichimecas at their arrival in the valley of Tlaxcala

Tlaxcala gets a Spanish province ( 1545 )

Tlaxcala gets a Spanish province ( 1545 )

The Virgin of Ocotlán is statue of the Virgin Mary in Ocotlán, Tlaxcala, Mexico. The Virgin of Ocotlán is the patron saint of Tlaxcala and the neighbouring state of Puebla.

The Legend


Virgin of Ocotlan

Virgin of Ocotlan

In late spring of 1541, a young native Tlaxcalan man named Juan Diego (sometimes given as Juan Diego Bernardino) was going to draw water from a river believed at the time to have healing properties. Juan Diego was a convert to Catholicism who was known for his piety and was a topil (altar server) at the Franciscan monastery. There was an epidemic in the region and he wanted to bring the water home to his family, who were sick.

As he came to a hilltop, he encountered a beautiful lady who asked him, “God bless you, my son, where are you going?”

Juan Diego explained that he was going to bring medicinal water to the sick. The lady responded, “Follow me closely. I will give you another water with which you will extinguish the contagion and cure not only your family but all who drink of it, for my heart is always inclined toward the lowly and will not suffer to see such things without remedying them.”

The woman led Juan Diego down the steep hill as night began to fall. At the bottom was a pine grove with a spring of water, that still exists today. The lady told Juan Diego that whoever drank the smallest drop would be restored to perfect health. She then told him that he would find an image of her in the pine grove where they were standing, a “true portrait of her perfections and clemencies, and that he should advise the Franciscan fathers to place it in the church of St. Lawrence” that stood on top of the hill.

Juan Diego took water from the spring and hastened off to cure the sick. Later he went to the Franciscan monastery to tell the friars of his experience. The friars observed the expression on Juan Diego’s face as he told the story and believed him, possibly also because he was a regular altar server there.

That evening they followed him back to the pine grove. In the light of the sunset, the trees seemed to burn without being consumed. One tree was particularly fat, so they opened it up with a hatchet and found the statue of Mary as Juan Diego had said they would. They prepared a litter from tree branches and flowers and lifted the statue up onto their shoulders to carry it to the church of St. Lawrence.

History of the Shrine


The earliest mention of the shrine is found in the writing of the Tlaxcalan historian Diego Muñoz Camargo, who makes reference to there being a Franciscan missionary center in Tlaxcala in 1588 or 1589 called Santa María Ocotla. In an earlier book he refers to a nacimiento desta agua (“source of this water”) where there is a cross in a group of forest trees that evokes great devotion.

Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, then Archbishop of Puebla, made a visit to the shrine in 1644, although he does not mention a statue. He wrote in his own account of the visit that he recited the rosary there and praised the religious devotion of the inhabitants of the town. The first mention of the statue occurs in 1689, in the frontispiece of a history of the city of Tlaxcala, published by Don Juan Benaventura Zapata y Mendoza.

Diego de Osoria de Escobar, Archbishop of Puebla in 1670, appointed Juan de Escobar as caretaker of the shrine. Juan de Escobar is responsible for constructing the shrine with its present floor plan, with the chancel, transept, and cupola. The second caretaker, Francisco Fernández, was in charge of the shrine from 1691-1716. He installed the retablo dedicated to the Virgin of Guadalupe.

The third caretaker, Manuel Loayzaga, was the man responsible for giving the shrine the appearance it has today. He put in the magnificent central retablo with the great silver niche in which the statue stands as well as the pulpit. The pièce de resistance however is the camarín, the eight-sided chapel behind the niche that is used as the Virgin’s dressing room. It is decorated with “solomonic columns”, paintings from the Life of the Virgin, portraits of Doctors of the Church who defended the Virgin Mary, and at the centre, the great round table on which the statue stands as it is being dressed.

Just as importantly, Loayzaga put the final, “official” version of the Ocotlán legend into print, publishing two editions of his book Historia de la milagrosíssima imagen de Nuestra Señora de Occotlán (sic) in 1747 and 1750.

The Statue


The statue of the Virgin of Ocotlán is the centrepiece of the shrine. It stands 148 cm tall and is reportedly made of pine, although this is not certain. It is carved as wearing a long tunic and mantle. The tunic is gold, with red trim. The mantle was blue at one time, but the paint has faded, revealing more gold beneath it. The statue stands erect, looking straight ahead, hands folded in front of the chest. The carved hair is brown and a replica of the image in the Museo de la Memoria shows it to have seven plaits of hair in back.

Normally, the statue is dressed in a cape. of which it owns many, and a large crown that was given to the statue in 1975. It also has pierced ears, earrings, and many finger rings in addition to the scepter it carries. A silver crescent moon with a “man in the moon” face looking up at her has been put at the base of the image to confirm its identity as an Immaculate Conception.

Devotion to the Virgin of Ocotlán is concentrated around the various processions that take place several times during the year. The statue leaves its niche over the altar on three fixed dates: New Year’s Day and the first and third Mondays in May. The Monday processions are referred to as the bajada (descent) and the subida (ascent) respectively.

The shrine of the Virgin of Ocotlán is now a parish church. It is located on a hill overlooking the city. From the zocalo go two blocks north on Independenia to Guridi y Alcocer. Turn right and when the road forks, take the left fork uphill to the church.

With almost 150 years of history, the Mummies of Guanajuato have become a part of our culture and traditions as a people settled on the slopes of a large ravine that has generously produced the riches of its innards since the age of Spanish viceroyalty.

In 1865 the first mummified body that lay in the Santa Paula Pantheon was extracted, and as the years go by, other bodies are discovered in the same condition due to the characteristics of the soil in which they rested. At present more than one hundred mummies make up the inventory of the museum created in their honor.

The wonder aroused by the mummies has been the inspiration for countless films starring Mexican wrestling heroes, and in the 1970s these films introduced other countries to the image of these stiffened bodies. In 2007 the Municipal Government redesigned the old Mummy Museum’s exhibits thematically, and with an infrastructure suitable for this exhibition which attracts hundreds of thousands of visitors every year.

The Mummies of Guanajuato are totally incorporated into the culture of Guanajuato’s inhabitants; from both a historical and social standpoint, they represent the different stages that have allowed this city to reinforce its position today as an important domestic tourist destination. Conserving and enlarging the cultural heritage associated with the mummies’ legacy has also been the object of painstaking scientific studies carried out by American specialists in forensics and anthropology. Restaurants in Guanajuato, Mexico

View Larger Map of Restaurants in Guanajuato, Mexico

These scientists have performed studies on mummies in other parts of the world, and in Guanajuato they are applying advanced techniques that will result in the enrichment of museum archives since it may be possible to learn possible causes of death, approximate ages, social environment and even the facial reconstruction of the mummified bodies.

The Mummies are part of Guanajuato’s Heritage and for this reason we conserve, preserve and share them with the visitors that come to our city in search of them. Dr. Eduardo Romero Hicks, Mayor of Guanajuato


the mummies of guanajuatoLocated south of Trozado Hill, the Santa Paula Municipal Pantheon was opened on March 13, 1861 and although it was not yet finished, it began operations on this date.

The Santa Paula Pantheon is a magical place with a mysterious atmosphere, and the beauty of its niches, tombs and mausoleums transport us in time and space, capturing the imagination of the wary and incredulous visitor. From its belly come the mummified bodies that are exhibited in the Mummy Museum of Guanajuato.

Hotels in Guanajuato, Mexico

View Larger Map of Hotels in Guanajuato, Mexico
On June 9, 1865, to the amazement of the gravediggers, the mummified body of Remigio Leroy, a French doctor, was exhumed from Niche 214 of the Pantheon’s first series. This is the first and therefore the most ancient of the Guanajuato Mummy Museum’s collection. In the early days, visits to the catacombs of the Santa Paula Pantheon to observe the mummified bodies were informal and clandestine, a practice based on the growing interest of tourists who were attracted by mysticism and curiosity.

Today the Mummy Museum of Guanajuato exhibits more than 100 mummies that have been found in the Santa Paula Pantheon and are an attraction for the City of Guanajuato. The exhibition has an introductory video about the meaning of death for Mexicans and their way of accepting it. The Mummy Museum is a must-see for those wishing to learn more about the city’s most important attractions.

The Mummies have generated great worldwide interest in visiting them and researching the reasons for mummification, which as opposed to other mummies in the world, are conserved through a natural process.

museo de las momias guanajuato111 bodies of mummified women, men and children make up the collection of Guanajuato’s Mummy Museum. Exhumed between 1865 and 1989.

Throughout its existence, the Mummy Museum of Guanajuato has undergone few modifications to its facilities, but on March 21, 2007 it was reopened after a substantial renovation. It’s important to note that the modification and renovation of museum space was completed in fewer than 60 hours, signifying a true challenge for the workers of Guanajuato, who through the initiative of the mayor, Dr. Eduardo Romero Hicks, successfully carried out the task of preserving and promoting the heritage of the City of Guanajuato.

Theater: The Museum’s Introductory Video. “Historic, Artistic”: Origins of the museum and some important artists whose work is centered on the Mummies of Guanajuato.

Recreating Origins: Reconstruction of the way in which the mummified bodies were exhibited since the second half of the 19th Century.

Voices of the Dead: Some of the collection’s most representative constituents tell us their story.

Little Angels: Baby mummies, dressed according to the “Little Angels” tradition.

Image Studies: Studies performed on the mummified bodies of a man and woman. Interesting findings.

Tragic Deaths: People whose lives were cut short by alarming events.

Typical Clothing: Mummies who were buried in typical clothing.

Mother and Child: The Museum’s most important piece is kept in this hall: The World’s Smallest Mummy.

Santa Paula: Reconstruction of the Pantheon’s niches that the Museum’s mummies were extracted from, and exhibition of bodies from the collection’s different stages.

Coffins: Here you’ll see what the Museum’s halls looked like before this year’s renovation.


Two Quinnipiac professors are part of a research team that revealed its research findings from a unique investigation of 22 mummies in Guanajuato.

The press conference was held at the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art in Hartford.

The research team includes Ronald Beckett and Jerry Conlogue, the co-directors of Quinnipiac’s Bioanthropology Research Institute and former hosts of National Geographic’s Mummy Road Show.

The third member of the team is Jerry Melbye, director of the Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State University.

In May 2007 the three scientists were invited by the mayor of Guanajuato, Dr. Eduardo Romero Hicks, an American-trained medical doctor, to collect as much data as possible from 22 of the 59 mummies now on display at the Mueso de Las Momias. The first of these mummies was found in a mausoleum crypt in Guanajuato in 1896 and the last was removed in 1958.

There were 111 mummies found in this location. This collection represents one of the largest groups of natural mummies on display in the Western Hemisphere. The scientists researched each specimen in detail using the latest technological devices and forensic knowledge.

It is believed that the mummies involved are of people died sometime between 1850 and 1950. The local legend is that these mummies were preserved as a result of the life-preserving sulfur and mineral-rich water of Guanajuato. Mayor Hicks attended the press conference to answer questions about the project, the museum in Guanajuato or these myths.

All of the mummies examined were “common” folk, not royalty, who lived in this working-class silver- mining community. The results shed light on the health and lifestyles of a broad sector of people residing in this ancient village. A fetal mummy, a newborn boy, a man who supposedly hanged and a woman who was rumored to be buried alive were among the cases investigated.

Financial support for the research project was acquired from the government of Guanajuato, research grants from Quinnipiac University School of Health Sciences and from the researchers themselves.


Museo de las Momias Guanajuato
Explanada del Panteón Municipal s/n
3600 Guanajuato, México
01 473 732 0639


Tula
Her excellent ruins call to adventurous travelers from all over the world.

Downtown Tula a semi-central zocalo, a centrally located cathedral and several commercial streets. To reach the centro just head toward the cathedral from whatever route interests you. The cathedral is visible from everywhere and is near everything. Juarez runs past the side of the cathedral to the zocalo.

tula ruinsTula is one of the best studied archaeological sites in Mexico, archaeologists from all the world have visited it. Considered the first large settlement in northern Mesoamerica and once the Toltecs’ greatest city.

Tula is believed to be founded during the 9th century by the legendary Ce Actatl Topiltzin (Quetzalcoatl). Ce Actatl Topiltzin, the most venerated kin in indigena history and mythology. Under his rule, Tula grew to hold thousands of inhabitants and developed an architecture that would serve as the prototype for Aztec cities.

The story goes that after many peaceful years at Tula he abandoned the city in 884 because of growing conflicts with neighbors. Leading many of his followers to the Gulf coast and heading out to sea off the coast of Veracruz vowing to return in the year 1 Reed. Several kings followed expanding Tula into the center of the mighty Toltec empire. Hundreds of years later, Cortes arrived in Veracruz on the year 1 Reed. The legend is that because of his skin color and this strange coincidence of timing, the Aztecs believed the conquistador was the same light-skinned Quetzalcoatl who fled to the east so many years before which caused Aztec Emperor Moctezuma to warmly welcome Cortes. Hotels in Tula de Allende

View Larger Map of Hotels in Tula de Allende, Mexico

The Toltecs, whose name means builders in Nahuatl, relied on irrigation for their agricultural success modeled their architecture after the sytle of Teotihuacan. During the 200 year long Toltec rein after drought and crop failures weakened the Toltec capital in 1165 the Chichimecs attacked and destroyed Tula. The ruins of the city, eroded due to the poor rock quality found in the area, as well as poor maintenance because of the Toltecs sporadic internal instability. Quetzalcoatl urged the Toltecs to evacuate the city prompting some residents to bury their possessions and move to the region called Tlapallan. Tula was eventually absorbed by the Aztec empire. Aztec ceramics and pottery can be found scattered among the ruins.

Restaurants in Tula de Allende

View Larger Map of Restaurants in Tula de Allende, Mexico
From the entrance area a path winds past cacti leading through some vendor stalls before arriving at the main plaza. The first structure you see on your right (north) when you arrive at the main plaza is Ballcourt #1 which is just north of the large Edificio de los Atlantes. The Ballcourt, which is almost 70m long, held the depiction of a ball player in ritual dress which is now located at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia in Mexico City. To your left (south) is the monumental Edificio de los Atlantes (Pyramid B). Starkly standing against the horizon high above the rest of the site, the Atlantes emblemize Tula on covers of National Geographic and on posters in tourist offices throughout Mexico. The statues representing warriors were originally standing inside a temple holding religious figures. The Atlantes are evidence of the change from theocratic to military rule in Tula during the Postclassic period. On the pyramid’s northern side and is El Coatepantli (The Wall of Snakes). This wall depicting jaguars and serpents in procession impressed the Aztecs so much that they built copies of it in the plazas of their cities. Reliefs of serpents feasting on humans adorn the adjacent wall.

Immediately west of the Edifico de los Atlantes is the Palacio Quemado (Burnt Palace). Believed to have been an administrative center in ancient Tula. A chacmool (messenger to the gods) was originally found in the central patio. Like many other indigenous cultures, the Toltecs built their largest buildings on the eastern boundary of the plaza to witness the sunrise. Toltec leaders attempted to maintain sociopolitical control by inspiring awe and linking natural phenomena to the government. Tula’s Templo Principal once towered over the others. Because of deliberate destruction by the Chicimecs and others following Tula’s adandonment at the end of the 12th century, it now pales in comparison to the Edificio de los Atlantes. Temple Principal was most likely once aborned with a massive scuptural slab found nearby which is covered with images of Quetzalcoatl in his manifestation as Tlahuizcaltec Uhtli (The Morning Star). Adjoining the ballcourt on the interior of the plaza is El Tzompantli, a small platform built by the Aztecs. Tzompantli means “place of skulls” and was used to display the victims of sacrifice.

Continuing south past Aztec Stadium on Insurgentes Sur from its junction with Río Mixcoac and Río Churubusco we see on the right the modern Teatro de los Insurgentes, a circular building with a mosaic by Diego Rivera on the faáade depicting the history of the Mexican theatre. To the right stretches the district of Tlacopac.

Alvaro Obregon Monument

The Insurgentes Sur continues south to the district of Villa Obregón, passing on the left the Àlvaro Obregón Monument which commemorates the revolutionary hero and President, murdered here in 1928. The sculpture and relief carving on this massive granite memorial are by Ignacio Asúnsolo. A macabre showpiece to be found in the memorial is a glass container in which is preserved in spirit Obregón’s hand and arm which he lost during the revolutionary struggles.

General Álvaro Obregón, a revolutionary leader and president of the United States of Mexico, was gunned down in this spot while attending a banquet in 1928, shortly after being elected for a second term of office. The assassin was a young religious fanatic by the name of José de León Toral, who was motivated by Obregón’s anti-church policies. The sombre monument with two granite statues depicting agriculture and industry commemorates moments of the revolutionary period. It houses the General’s forearm and hand, which was blown off by a canon in the Battle of Celaya. This event coined the phrase “Nadie resiste un cañonazo de 50 mil pesos” (“Nobody resists 50 thousand pesos worth of cannon fire”). The monument was designed by Ignacio Asúnsolo and is found within the pleasant surroundings of the Parque de la Bombilla.

Avenida Miguel Angel de Quevedo e Insurgentes
San Angel
01090 Mexico City
Mexico

The San Jacinto Plaza situated in the San Angel district is the town square centre which has a number of arts and crafts shopping centres, a park, restaurants and more.

San-Jacinto-Plaza-Mexico-City

The Plaza was known by various names in the past such as La Placita, La Plaza and La Plaza de los Largartos or the Plaza of the alligators. This is because previously this place had trees, fountains and alligators in the pond built around the fountain in Plaza.

There were 7 reptiles in the pond which were a major attraction with visitors coming to this place.

The alligators have now been moved to the El Paso Zoo as many people harmed some of these reptiles.

The San Jacinto Plaza was also popular for a statue known as ‘The Boy with the Leaking Boot’ which stood here for fifty years until it was moved to the City Hall.

the Bazar Sábado is held on Saturdays. In a 17th century building in the square is a shop selling traditional handicraft articles as well as modern art.

Central University City Campus

biblioteca-library-unam

Vast campus of the Autonomous University of Mexico City (UNAM), one of the country’s best. Noted for its fine 20th century architecture, some buildings decorated with murals.
Take metro to Universidad where there are free shuttle buses running around the campus.

  • See the Olympic Stadium with murals by Diego Rivera- home of the Puma soccer team.
  • Take a picture of the Biblioteca (library) with its tiled mosaics depicting the history of Mexico.
  • Walk through the Espacio Escultórico and the Sendero Escultórico- an ecological preserve punctuated by enormous geometric sculptures.
  • Visit the Universum museum its filled with hands-on exhibits of science and history.
  • MUAC, the Museo Universitario de Arte Contemporaneo opened in a unique building recently right on the CU campus at the cultural corridor. From there, you can walk a nature walk, see a concert, etc. Lots of nice people jogging, roller skating, biking on a weekend. Well worth the visit.
  • Yucatan Museums Highlight Culture

    Tourists might think Mexico’s Yucatan is spelled C-a-n-c-u-n, but the peninsula features archeological sites that rival Egypt. In addition to the many Mayan sites are several museums offering insights into Mexico’s colorful history and culture.

    Here’s a partial list of the Yucatan museum’s.

    CANCUN

    Pre-Hispanic artifacts from the state of Quintana Roo are featured in the small Museo Arqueologico Cancun (Cancun Archeological Museum) next to the Cancun Convention Center. It is near Cancun Point at Km 8 on Boulevard Kukulcan. Museum open 9 am to 7 pm Tuesday through Sunday. Admission except Sundays and holidays, when it is free.

    Continue reading »

    Chichen Itza Is One of the New Seven Wonders of the World

    By Erick Laseca

    The Mayan city of Chichen Itza, located in the Mexican state of Yucatan, was chosen as one of the “Seven New Wonders of the World” by approximately 100 million people around the globe, who cast their ballots by phone and Internet.

    “The selection of Chichen Itza is recognition of the extremely vast and ancient historical and cultural heritage of Mexico, of which very few countries in the world can boast,” said Francisco Lopez Mena, CEO of the Mexico Tourism Board.

    The announcement of Chichen Itza’s selection by the New7Wonders Foundation was made during a spectacular ceremony at Lisbon’s Stadium of Light.

    The archaeological center of Chichen Itza, the most important Maya capital at the end of the classic period (750 to 1200 A.D.), was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988.

    Chichen Itza, which in the Mayan language means “at the mouth of the well of the Itza,” was one of the most important Mayan political, commercial and religious centers of the classic period, but it fell into decline after the emergence of Mayapan as the new focal point of regional power in the Yucatan Peninsula.

    The city is home to several buildings that are remarkable both for their architectural design and their religious and scientific significance. Among these are the Temple of Kukulkan (Feathered Serpent), the Observatory, the Temple of the Warriors and the Sacred Cenote (Well of Sacrifice).

    The Temple of Kukulkan, one of the tallest and most notable structures in Mayan architecture sits on a 55.5-meter wide rectangular platform and rises to a height of 24 meters. Each of its four sides has 91 steps and the platform that crowns the pyramid is considered the 365th step, meaning there is one for each day of the solar calendar.

    During the spring and fall equinox (March and September), visitors can enjoy a breathtaking spectacle: a corner of the Temple of Kukulkan casts a shadow in the shape of a giant “feathered serpent” that appears to slither its way down the side of the North staircase with the sun’s movement. This natural phenomenon of light and shadow is a unique experience that attracts visitors from all parts of the world.

    The Observatory, also known as “El Caracol” (The Snail) for its stone spiral interior staircase, is a cylindrical building with a dome that was used as an astronomical observatory, with its doors aligned to view the spring equinox, the declinations of the Moon and other astronomical events that helped determine the complex but extremely exact Mayan calendar.

    Other popular sites at Chichen Itza are the Great Ballcourt – which, measuring 168 meters long and 70 meters wide, is the largest that has been discovered in the region known as Mesoamerica – and the Sacred Cenote, a large sinkhole 60 meters in diameter from which great treasures have been recovered: rings, necklaces and objects of gold and jade.

    Chichen Itza today is a new wonder of the world, considered an icon of universal importance for humanity. As a result of this global and democratic selection process, the world will know Mexico for one of its 173 archaeological jewels, tangible evidence of the plurality and ethnic richness of the country’s past.