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Candelaria, declared the eleventh municipality of the state of Campeche on June 19, 1998, is located in southern Campeche in the middle of the jungle. The town is crossed by the region’s largest river, also called Candelaria; its tributaries are the La Esperanza, Caribe, La Joroba, and El Toro rivers.

Outside Candelaria you can find the entrances of old Mayan canals that connected towns inland. In his book History and Religion of the Mayas, John Thompson tells us that the ancient Chontales navigated this river and were traders that apparently went everywhere: the Phoenicians of the New World. There is even a sunken Mayan bridge that crosses the whole river, which can be seen in the dry season and when the water is clear.

There are several river spas in the region, and people can hire guides to take them to see Salto Grande, a place where the river forms pools and small waterfalls, and where it is quite common to hear howler monkeys scream or to see a wide variety of bird species. After a 3 or 4-hour ride along the river you can reach El Tigre or Itzamkanac, an archeological site about 265 km from Ciudad del Carmen, and farther up you will see Pedro Baranda, a town where the river flows into Los Pericos Lagoon.

Located 214 km from Ciudad del Carmen, this young municipality is in the middle of one of the regions with the brightest prospects of developing ecotourism projects in the state. Rivers, animals, and plants are attractions for visitors who will not be disappointed with the landscape’s variety and lushness.

The highlighted green area is Guerrero state.

The highlighted green area is Guerrero state.

Set in a privileged area, this is undoubtedly one of the loveliest states in Mexico. It borders on the states of Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, Oaxaca and Michoacán and has a stunning Pacific coastline. It was occupied by Chichimec groups that settled north of the Balsas River and is currently inhabited by Nahua, Mixtec, Tlapanec, and Amuzgo, among other groups.

Its tropical climate oscillates between 15 and 20ºC, and its mountain system is one of the most intricate in the country. There is no room to list all its attractions here; suffice it to say that it has the most beautiful and famous bay in Mexico, Acapulco, together with hundreds of beaches. It also boasts colonial cities such as Taxco, rich in silver deposits, grottoes such as those in Cacahuamilpa as well as beach resorts such as Ixtapa and Zihuatanejo.

Its inhabitants are skilled craftspeople and its cuisine combines seafood with the fruits of the land. One place worth visiting is San Diego Fort, housing the Historical Museum of Acapulco. The state?s colorful traditional fiestas combine rituals, legends and religious beliefs.

Trade, agricultural (coffee, tobacco, sugarcane, corn, apples, pears, plums, oranges), and mfg. (cigars, ceramics, leather goods) center.

Copper mines nearby. Picturesque colonial town.

The highlighted green area is Coahuila state.

The highlighted green area is Coahuila state.

Coahuila, a border state whose name in Nahuatl means flying serpent witnessed the evangelization and colonization of the north of Mexico. Its has had a rich history, since it was the site of events that influenced the country?s development from pre-historic times through Independence to the revolutionary era. Its capital, founded in 1577, was originally named Villa de Santiago de Saltillo. The region was inhabited by Indians brought in from Tlaxcala during colonization.

The state has several attractive features, such as its forests, springs, deserts, large cities and small villages. However, its main attraction is undoubtedly its open, friendly people. The state is divided into four distinct areas; the southeast, an area of valleys and mountains, as well as historical and paleontological sites and fascinating museums, the center, with the industrious city of Monclova as its focal point; the border, Piedras Negras being the most important city in the area, and La Laguna, a semi-desert area where the Coahuilans overcame adverse conditions.

It is situated in a deep ravine surrounded by arid hills. The climate is temperate. The city is characterized by colonial buildings and narrow, winding, and steep cobbled streets, frequently broken by stone steps. Zacatecas is a distribution center for local mines as well as the commercial center for the region.

Founded in 1548, the strategically located city was a key point in the Mexican wars and revolutions of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its cathedral was heavily pillaged during these struggles.

The road that runs across the south of the peninsula, from Francisco Escárcega to Chetumal, is relatively new, passing through jungle territory rich in Maya remains, several of which have only recently been opened to the public. Though largely unexplored, these are beginning to see a trickle of visitors as access improves; you can get accommodation and arrange tours at Xpujil , a village named after the nearby archeological site, on the border between Campeche and Quintana Roo states.

The city, which has good communications facilities (on Mexico Highways 180, 186, and 195), is the commercial and distribution center for the surrounding region. Oil is the economic mainstay. Founded in the 16th century. The city possesses a large collection of Olmec and Mayan artifacts, which are exhibited in the Regional Anthropological Museum and the La Venta Park Museum.

Commercial and tourist center situated in the Valley of Oaxaca. The church and monastery of Santo Domingo is a national monument and UN World Heritage Site. Noted for hand-wrought gold and silver filigree, pottery, and woven goods that rank among the finest in Mexico.

The chief city of Southern Mexico, Oaxaca is linked with the federal capital by Railroad and the Inter-Amer. Highway (190).

Subject to severe earthquakes.

According to Aztec tradition, Oaxaca was founded as Huasyacac in 1486, during the brief ascendancy of the Aztecs over the Mixtecs and Zapotecs. Prominent in the Mexican revolution against Spain, the city also joined in the War of the Reform and in resistance to the French intervention.

Known as Antequera in colonial period.

Mineral springs nearby. Founded 1537.

The highlighted green area is Chihuahua state.

The highlighted green area is Chihuahua state.

This is the largest state in Mexico and is located in the north of the country. It borders on Durango and Sinaloa to the south, Sonora to the west, Coahuila to the east and Texas and New Mexico to the north.

It was inhabited by several Indian groups, although it is best known today for the Rarámuri that inhabit the Sierra Tarahumara. One site worth visiting is the pre-Hispanic zone of Paquimé in Casas Grandes. Other interesting sites include Hidalgo del Parral, the former capital of Nueva Vizcaya and mining towns such as San Francisco del Oro, Santa Bárbara and Valle de Allende. The state is divided into three main regions: the central tableland, with plains and mining areas, the Sierra Madre Occidental, consisting of canyons and ravines, and the desert zone. The state has everything from cold mountain to hot desert climates, including the tropical humidity found in the depths of its ravines.

One of the largest commercial and industrial centers of Western Mexico, Mazatlan is one of Mexico’s major Pacific seaports. It is on a Railroad between the U.S. and Mexico city, and its location makes it the country’s primary ferry link to Baja California. Although the climate is hot, Mazatlan is a popular resort with a beautiful setting. Spanish colonial trade with the Philippines stimulated the development of the port. Buelna international airport to the North.

Ciudad del Carmen is a city in the south west of the state of (Mexican city on the Bay of Campeche) Campeche, (A Republic in southern North America; became independent from Spain in 1810) Mexico. Ciudad del Carmen is located at 18.63°N, 91.83°W, on the south west of Carmen Island in the Laguna de Terminos at the coast of the (An arm of the Atlantic south of the United States and east of Mexico) Gulf of Mexico. In 2003 the population was estimated at 132,400 people.

The city is nicknamed “The Pearl of the Gulf”. Ciudad del Carmen was a small city mostly devoted to (The act of someone who fishes as a diversion) fishing until the (The decade from 1970 to 1979) 1970s when (A slippery or viscous liquid or liquefiable substance not miscible with water) oil was discovered in the region; since then it has grown and developed substantially. The city could long be reached only by (A boat that transports people or vehicles across a body of water and operates on a regular schedule) ferry boats called “pangas”; this changed with the construction of a causeway bridge to the mainland in the (The decade from 1980 to 1989) 1980s and another one in the (The decade from 1990 to 1999) 1990s before the term of the President Carlos Salinas de Gortari ended.

This border area at the western edge of the (A peninsula in Central America extending into the Gulf of Mexico between the Bay of Campeche and the Caribbean Sea) Yucatán Peninsula was previously part of the state of Yucatán, then of (Very hot red peppers; usually long and thin; some very small) Tabasco; since 1863 it has been part of the state of Campeche. In 1840 the city had a population of about 7,000.

The city is also the seat of the State of Campeche’s Carmen municipality, which includes the city and the surrounding area. In 1999 the population of the municipality of Carmen was 181,566 people.

The highlighted green area is Guanajuato state.

The highlighted green area is Guanajuato state.

The state of Guanajuato, located in an area known as the Bajío, is rich in ecosystems that vary from forests to semi-arid zones. It borders on Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Zacatecas, Jalisco and Michoacán. Before the Conquest, the region was inhabited by several indigenous groups, include Otomí, Purépecha, Cascán, Pain, Guamar and Cuacuchil, and by the time of the Spaniards arrival, the Tarascans had established a number of strongholds.

Guanajuato contains some of the most striking vice-regal cities in Mexico, which flourished as a result of the wealth of their mines and even today, make the area one of the country’s main silver producers. The city of Guanajuato, the capital of the state, was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO, and currently hosts the International Cervantes Festival. The state was the site of a number of events that determined the course of the country, such as the Shout of Independence in Dolores, now Hidalgo. San Miguel de Allende is another architectural jewel while Celaya, León is a flourishing industrial and commercial center.

The highlighted green area is Colima state.

The highlighted green area is Colima state.

Small state in the west of Mexico bordering on Jalisco, Michoacán and the Pacific Ocean. Its name comes from the Nahuatl Coliman: colli meaning hill, volcano or grandfather and maitl meaning hand, or domination, in other words, “place dominated by our grandparents” or “place where the Old God prevails,” referring to the Colima Volcano.

This tiny area boasts a wide range of attractions and beautiful places, such as Villa de Alvarez, Comala, Suchitlán, Nevado de Colima National Park, Volcán de Fuego and Quesería Tecomán, as well as spectacular beaches such as Manzanillo, the world capital of sail fishing. Several regional fiestas are held almost year round; the state is renowned for its seafood while its exotic traditional beverages are superb, as are its desserts and candies.

Colima offers fascinating archaeological sites such as El Chanal and La Campana, colonial architecture and 19th century buildings. Its excellent maritime, land and air infrastructure facilitates travel to and from the area.

Guanajuato has narrow, winding, steep cobblestone streets, sometimes pieced out by stone steps, and the ground underneath is honeycombed with silver-mine shafts. Its geographic position and economic importance as one of Spanish America’s chief silver-producing centers gave the city a key role in the wars and revolutions that wracked Mexico in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Guanajuato has become a tourist center. There are several noteworthy colonial churches and buildings, including the Alhondiga de Granaditas, originally a granary that was besieged and captured (1810) by Hidalgo y Costilla at the outset of the war against Spain.

Guanajuato is a national monument and a UNESCO World Heritage site.

The sanctuary of El Sacromonte, the most venerated spot in Mexico after the shrine of Guadalupe, stands on a hill above Amecameca. The town’s history dates back to 1200. Municipio is part of the Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Mexico.

Monte Alban was built on an artificially leveled, rocky promontory above the Valley of Oaxaca. Located around an enormous plaza about low buildings set off by sunken courts and stairways.

The tombs, particularly Tomb 7, have yielded great archaeological treasure; jewelry of gold, copper, jade, rock crystal, obsidian, and turquoise mosaic, and bone and wood carving showing elaborate religious symbolism.

Excavation was begun (1931) by the Mexican archaeologist Alfonso Caso. The Zapotec apparently had an advanced culture here circa 200 B.C. and already were using the bar and dot system of numerals used by the Maya.

The final epoch (circa 1300-1521), terminated by the Spanish Conquest, covers the ascendancy of the Mixtec, when the Zapotec were driven from Monte Alban and Mitla. Tomb 7 belongs to the final period. Cultural links with the Olmec and the Toltec have been found.

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